Xylitol Poisoning in Dogs: A Guide for Pet Owners

Emergency Action: If Your Dog Has Eaten Xylitol

If you suspect your dog has ingested a product containing xylitol, this is a medical emergency.

Contact your local vet or nearest emergency animal hospital immediately.
Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so by a veterinary professional.
Be prepared to tell the vet the product ingested and, if possible, the amount.

What Is Xylitol and Why Is It Harmful to Dogs?

Xylitol is a naturally occurring substance widely used as a sugar substitute in many household products, often labelled as "sugar-free" or "natural sweetener". You may also see it listed as birch sugar or wood sugar.

While safe for humans, xylitol is extremely toxic to dogs. Unlike in people, when a dog consumes xylitol it is absorbed into the bloodstream very quickly, triggering a massive and rapid release of insulin from the pancreas. This potent insulin release causes a profound and dangerous drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemia), which can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.

What Products Contain Xylitol?

Xylitol is found in a surprisingly wide range of products, especially those advertised as "sugar-free," "low sugar," or for dental health. Always check ingredient labels but common foods and drinks which can contain Xylitol include:

Peanut butter
Toothpaste, mouth wash and dental floss (use only pet-specific toothpaste for your dog)
Sweets and mints
Chewing gum (a very common source of poisoning)
Chocolate
Sugar-free baked goods, ice cream and yoghurt
Honey and sweeteners
Medications, vitamins and oils
Jams and sauces
Fruit juices
Drink powders and supplements

(This is not an exhaustive list and you should always check the packet of a product to see if it contains Xylitol).

Xylitol Poisoning in Dogs: A Guide for Pet Owners

How Long Does Xylitol Poisoning Take in Dogs?

The effects of xylitol poisoning can occur very quickly. The rapid drop in blood sugar can happen within 10 to 60 minutes of your dog eating the product. However, in some cases, symptoms may not appear for up to 12 or even 24 hours. Due to this rapid onset, it is critical to seek veterinary care immediately, even if your dog is not yet showing symptoms.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Xylitol Poisoning in Dogs?

The initial signs of xylitol poisoning are often related to the sudden drop in blood sugar. Symptoms of Xylitol consumption may include:

Weakness or inability to stand/walk
Vomiting or diarrhoea
Lethargy
Racing heart
Tremors or seizures
Unconsciousness/collapse

There is a risk that a dog ingesting Xylitol can go into liver failure, no matter the dosage size. Therefore, if you suspect your dog has eaten Xylitol you should see a vet urgently.

How Do You Treat Xylitol Poisoning in Dogs?

If your dog isn’t showing signs of poisoning, your vet will likely induce vomiting (if appropriate) to try and minimize the effects. Key treatments include:

Fluid therapy and activated charcoal can be used to reduce the impact of Xylitol.
Some dogs may also require liver support medication.
Your dog’s blood glucose will be monitored until your vet is happy that it is within normal range for 24 hours.

Can Dogs Survive Xylitol Poisoning?

The prognosis for recovery is good for dogs that are treated quickly, before clinical signs develop, or for dogs that have uncomplicated hypoglycemia that is rapidly reversed with treatment. If liver failure develops, dogs can still recover with intensive and appropriate veterinary care. Early and aggressive treatment is the key to survival.

Is Xylitol Toxic to Cats?

Xylitol does not appear to be as dangerous for cats. Cats seem to be spared, partly because they often show a disdain for sweets. However, it is always safest to keep all products containing xylitol away from any pets in the home.